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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the position change of the fibular bone after maxillary reconstruction by free fibular flap and to analyze the factors affecting the position change.@*METHODS@#Patients who underwent maxillary reconstruction by free fibular flap in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from November 2012 to November 2016 were enrolled in this study. CT scans 1 week and 1 year postoperatively were collected and stored in DICOM format. The ProPlan CMF software was used to reconstruct the CT scans and separate the maxilla and each segment of the fibular flap. The Geomagic Control software was used to measure the long axis direction vector of each fibular segment. And the position change direction was recorded. The patients were divided into groups according to the use of the fibula or titanium plate to reconstruct the zygomaticmaxillary buttress.@*RESULTS@#A total of 32 patients were enrolled. Among them, 21 were in the titanium plate group and 11 in the fibula bone group. The angle between the long axis of the fibular segment and the X axis in the X-Y plane was 95.65°±53.49° and 95.53°±52.77°, 1 week and 1 year postoperatively, and there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). The angle between the long axis of the fibular segment and the X axis in the X-Z plane was 96.88°±69.76° and 95.33°±67.42°, respectively, with statistical difference (P=0.0497). The angular changes of the long axis of the fibular segment in the titanium plate group and the fibular bone group were 3.23°±3.93° and 1.94°±1.78°, respectively, and the angular changes in the X-Z plane were 6.02°±9.89° and 3.27°±2.31°, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The long axis changes of the fibular segment in the X-Y plane for reconstruction of the anterior alveolar, posterior alveolar, and buttress were 3.13°±3.78°, 2.56°±3.17°, and 5.51°±4.39°, respectively. There was a statistical difference (P = 0.023) between the posterior and buttress. In the X-Z plane, theses were 4.94°±4.75°, 5.26°±10.25°, 6.69°±6.52°, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the three groups (P>0.05). The main positional deviation directions of the titanium plate group and the fibular bone group were interior and superior sides, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#One year postoperatively, the position of the free fibular flap was changed compared with 1 week postoperatively. The position of the free fibular flap was mainly changed to the interior and superior sides.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Transplantation , Fibula/diagnostic imaging , Free Tissue Flaps , Mandibular Reconstruction , Maxilla/surgeryABSTRACT
Objective: To design osteotomy templates for the construction of mandibular defect by using fibular flap in a reverse engineering technique approach. Methods: Five patients with mandibular defect were enrolled and their treatments were designed in a three-dimensional (3D) virtual planning software package. The 3D printing model with shaped reconstruction plate and titanium-screws were under CT scanning and the image was reconstructed and registered back to the original mandible and fibula in a surface-best-fit method. Then the osteotomy template with screw holes of shaped reconstruction plate was designed and fabricated. The reconstruction of mandible with multiple fibular segments was guided by the osteotomy template. Results: All the five patients were discharged successfully with satisfied outcome. The deviation between virtual plan and actual results were calculated: max deviation (3.53±2.33) mm and the angle deviation 3.31˚±1.48˚. Conclusion: The accuracy of the osteotomy template is satisfied and can be applied to the clinical use.
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Objective @#To analyze the value of virtual surgical planning in the surgical treatment of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible and to provide a reference for clinical practice.@*.Methods @#From September 2017 to June 2018, 13 patients with mandibular osteoradionecrosis were evaluated preoperatively using the 3D virtual surgery software CMF Proplan 2.0. The surgical guide was designed and 3D printed. Bone resection, fibula shaping and bone graft localization were completed during the operation. In some cases, implants were implanted at the same time, and denture restoration was completed 3 to 6 months after surgery. Patients’ general information, perioperative data, and efficacy evaluation were analyzed.@*Results@#All patients underwent surgery successfully. The survival rate of the free fibula musculocutaneous flap was 100% (13/13), and one patient had complications (partial necrosis at the edge of the flap). The follow-up period was 7 to 15 months, and the median time was 10 months. All patients achieved a healing effect. The number of cases with an increase in mouth opening ≥ 1 cm, 0.5 cm ≤ mouth opening increase < 1 cm, and mouth opening increase < 0.5 cm were 5, 6, and 2, respectively. An imaging examination showed that 12 patients had good bone healing, and 1 patient did not completely heal 7 months after operation. The denture restoration was 92.3% (12/13), of which 3 cases were implanted and repaired at the same time. The average chewing efficiency was 56.11% ± 7.12% (42.03%-67.83%).@*Conclusion@#Virtual surgical planning is an effective method for the surgical treatment of mandibular osteoradionecrosis, which can reduce the risk of surgery and more effectively perform mandibular shape and function repair.
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BACKGROUND: Free fibular flap is one of the most useful methods in the hard tissue reconstruction of the maxilla-mandible. Free fibular flap presents some advantages in which the reconstruction of both soft and hard tissues can be done at the same time. It also provides a safe and successful bone graft for the reconstruction, along with a low rate of complications. Despite these advantages and the rarity of a postoperative complication, particularly in oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures, a prolonged operation might exhibit some complications related with rhabdomyolysis. We experienced the rare event of rhabdomyolysis after oral cancer surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, we report the case of a patient who developed rhabdomyolysis after undergoing free fibular flap surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the advantages of the free fibular flap operation, clinicians must be aware of the risk of complications because there are multiple factors that could result in rhabdomyolysis, such as duration of operation, position of the subject, and pre-existing conditions of diabetes and hypertension. Once the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is confirmed, a prompt treatment plan should be made and applied as soon as possible. This will increase the chance of a full recovery for the patient who is exhibiting symptoms of rhabdomyolysis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnosis , Hypertension , Mandibular Reconstruction , Mouth Neoplasms , Postoperative Complications , Preexisting Condition Coverage , Renal Insufficiency , Rhabdomyolysis , Surgery, Oral , TransplantsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La reconstrucción con colgajo osteomiocutáneo de peroné es el procedimiento de elección en la reconstrucción mandibular. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados obtenidos en 10 años de experiencia con esta técnica. Material y métodos: Se analizaron los registros de los pacientes sometidos a mandibulectomía y reconstruidos primaria o secundariamente con peroné microvascularizado, entre 1995 y 2005. Variables analizadas: tiempo quirúrgico, tipo de microanastomosis vascular, sangrado, tabaquismo, comorbilidad, historia de radioterapia o quimioterapia, momento de reconstrucción y tipo de colgajo. Resultados: 60 pacientes, 62 colgajos, en 27 mujeres y 33 hombres, 30 con neoplasia maligna y 30 con tumor benigno; media de edad 43 años. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue diabetes. En 49 se llevó a cabo reconstrucción primaria y en 11, secundaria; en 38 el colgajo fue óseo y en 22 osteocutáneo. En 52 (87%) el transplante fue exitoso y en ocho hubo pérdida total (87% de éxito). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron exposición de osteosíntesis, pseudoartrosis y absceso cervical. Cuatro pacientes fueron reexplorados; en todos se preservó el colgajo. No hubo relación entre las variables estudiadas y el éxito. El resultado funcional fue adecuado en 90% relacionado con el momento de la reconstrucción. Conclusiones: El colgajo libre de peroné es una opción segura en la reconstrucción mandibular. Realizado en forma primaria ofrece los mejores resultados funcionales.
BACKGROUND: Fibular-free-flap is currently considered the optimum choice in mandible reconstruction. OBJECTIVE: Assess our results using this technique after 10 years-experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients underwent mandibulectomy and primary or secondary reconstruction with fibular-free-flap between 1995 and 2005. Variables analyzed included: surgical time, time of micro-vascular anastomosis, bleeding, tobacco history, comorbidity, chemo-radiotherapy background, flap type and primary or secondary reconstruction. RESULTS: We included, 60 patients and performed 62 flaps. We included 27 women and 33 men; mean age was 43 years, 30 had malignant tumors and 30 benign. Diabetes was the most frequent co-morbid pathology. In 49 subjects reconstruction was primary and secondary in 11; in 38 the flap was osseous and in 22 osteocutaneous. In 52 patients (87%) the flap was successful and 8 showed total loss. The most frequent complications were osteosynthesis material exposure, pseudoarthrosis and cervical abscess. Four patients were subjected to re-exploration but the flap was preserved in all. No acssociation was found among any of the variables studied and flap viability. The functional result was considered adequate in 90% of cases and was associated with time of reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Fibular-free-flap is a safe alternative in mandible reconstruction. Primary reconstruction offers better functional results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Fibula/transplantation , Mouth Neoplasms/surgery , Mandibular Neoplasms/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Surgical Flaps , Algorithms , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF STUDY: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occupies a key functional role in mastication and contributes to normal deglutition, speech as well as cosmesis. When a large amount of mandible including the condyle head is resected, it is very difficult to reconstruct it as a functional unit. In this retrospective study, we present the functional, radiographic and cosmetic results of reconstructed temporomandibular joint using free fibular flap. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Total 12 patients (M:F = 6:6) who underwent condylar reconstruction with the fibular flap were interviewed and examined by radiographs and Bio-PAK(R). Mean follow up periods was 47.7+/-20.0 months and the average age was 38.7+/-15.3 years. Remodeling of condyle and function of TMJ were evaluated and facial contour was judged subjectively. RESULTS: All flaps were viable and no immediate postoperative complication had happened. One patient showed decreased mouth opening, so interpositional gap arthroplasty was performed. The resorption rates of reconstructed fibular were minimal and the condyle heads were changed into domeshaped neocondyle after 2 years. All patients had normal diet and no speech difficulty was reported. Nine patients were satisfied with their facial contour but three patients complained about the depression of cheek. CONCLUSION: The reconstruction of TMJ with free fibular flap was reliable methods and very effective means of restoring mandibular function. The functional and morphologic results were excellent and showed little complications.